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A proxy or proxy server is a program that acts in the middle between a client and server via the internet. Without the use of a proxy, users could send a request for resources directly the server, and then the server will serve direct to the client. Although this method is easy to understand and use, adding proxies offers advantages such as more performance, privacy and security, and much more. As an additional layer of moving through, proxies serve as a guardian to the internet between servers and users.




The bundled package of server hardware with the software to install proxy servers is often referred to as proxy servers. This article will concentrate on the proxy servers which are generally described in terms of software as well as those that are employed together with web servers. This article will provide a brief overview of the two primary types of proxies, they are one that is forward and a reverse proxy. Each has its own usage which may be confusing due to the same terminology.




This article will give you an understanding of how proxies work and what their subtypes are, as well as their benefits in a range of configurations. After reading in this post, you'll understand what situations where proxies are beneficial, and determine the best option to use a forward or reverse proxy, based on the circumstance.



Understanding Forward Proxies



Forward proxy also known as the open proxy acts as a representative for a client who attempts to make an online request to a source server. In this situation the entire request sent by the client will rather be controlled by the forward proxy. The forward proxy, in lieu of the user will scrutinize the request. It will first check if the client been granted permission to send requests through this specific forward proxy. It will then reject an demand and then forward the request to an original server. The client does not have direct access to the internet. It can access only the information that the forward proxy allows the client to connect.




The most frequent use of forward proxies is greater security or privacy online. The forward proxy can connect to internet in place of a client. during this process it utilizes an alternate IP address that is different from the client's initial IP address.




Based on the way it has been set up in accordance with the method of configuration, a forward proxy could offer a variety of features depending on how it's configured. This allows you to:




Do not be a victim of ad tracking.


Circumvent surveillance.


Identify restrictions based on the location you are in.




Forward proxies are also utilized in systems that use centralized security and based access, for instance, in workplaces. If all internet traffic flows through an common forward proxy layer a administrator can restrict access to only a small set of users to the internet filtered through an common firewall. Instead of having firewalls in place on the client layer, which may comprise several machines that have diverse environments and users, you can have a firewall at the forward proxy layer.




It is crucial to keep in mind the fact that forward proxy servers must be manually set up to be utilized, whereas reverse proxy servers can remain unnoticed by clients. Depending on the type of IP address of the client is passed on to the server that created it via forward proxy, privacy and security is granted or kept secret.




There are a variety of alternatives to consider for forward proxies:




Apache is a well-known open-source web server that provides forward proxy capabilities.


Nginx is another well-known open-source web server with forward proxy features.


Squid: An open-source forward proxy that uses the HTTP protocol. This doesn't offer an entire website server software. We have instructions on how to configure Squid proxy to permit private connections in Ubuntu 20.04.


Dante Forward Proxy that utilizes the SOCKS protocol instead of HTTP and is better suited to use in instances such as peer-to-peer traffic. It is also possible to understand how to configure an Dante proxy to allow private connections on Ubuntu 20.04



Understanding Reverse Proxies



A reverse proxy acts as an intermediary for a web server, which handles incoming requests by clients on its behalf. The web server could consist of a single server, or a number of servers. It could also serve as an app server such as Gunicorn. In either scenario the request is made by users on the internet in general. The majority of the time the request will be transmitted directly to the server that has all the resources that the user is needs. However, a reverse proxy works as an intermediary, and separates Web servers and their direct communication with the open internet.




From a consumer's point perspective, using reverse proxy is not different than interacting with an online server direct. It's pretty much the same but the user is unable to see the difference. The client asks for this resource and it is then granted without additional configurations that need to be completed by the client.




Reverse proxies provide features such as:




A centralized layer of security to protect the server.


Controlling traffic that is inbound on rules that you can create.


A new feature to cache has been added.




While central security is an advantage of both forward and reverse proxies, reverse proxies provide this to only the server layer, but not to the layer that clients use. instead of maintaining firewalls at Web server layers which can include multiple servers and various configurations, the majority of firewall security is targeted at the reverse proxy layer. Furthermore, taking the burden of communicating with firewalls and communicating with requests from clients outside of web servers allows the firewall to concentrate on meeting the requirements of their customers.




In the case of several servers running in a reverse proxy it also controls which requests are directed towards which servers. There are many web servers working from the same host and serving different types of resources or a mix of the two. These servers use the HTTP protocol like a traditional web server. However, they can be equipped with applications server protocols like FastCGI. You can configure a reverse proxy to direct the clients towards specific servers according to the kind of resource they're searching for, or comply with certain rules for traffic load.




Reverse proxies are also able to gain advantages from their positioning ahead of web servers by offering caching capabilities. Large static assets can to be set up with caching rules, so that you do not need to call web servers every time you request. Certain software solutions allow you to deliver static files directly without having to contact the server once. In addition, the reverse proxy can manage compression of these files.




The popular Nginx web server also functions as an effective reverse proxy solution. It is real it's true Apache website server equipped with a reverse proxy, it is an additional option for Apache however Nginx was designed originally for and is focused on the reverse proxy feature.



Differentiating Forward Proxy and reverse Proxy Use Examples



Since "forward" and "reverse" are associated with the notion of directionality as well as inaccurate comparisons with "incoming" as well as "outgoing" traffic. They can be confusing since both types of proxy services process requests and response. The best way to differentiate between reverse and forward proxy services is to take into account the requirements of the application that you're developing.




A reverse proxy is useful in the case of designing a system to provide web-based services via the internet. They function as servers for any interaction with the Internet.




Forward proxy applications can be advantageous when placed in front of the user for personal use and in the professional environment. They represent your clients when you interact with the internet.




A case-based distinction instead of focusing on standard naming conventions will assist you to avoid confusion.



Conclusion



This article defined what a proxy is along with two types: forward proxy and the reverse proxy. Practical applications and an exploration of beneficial features were used to differentiate between forward and reverse proxy. If you're interested in learning more about the use of proxy servers, you can learn how to configure Nginx as a reverse proxy using Apache on an Ubuntu 20.04 server.



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